17CSH012). February 2004. Finally, we propose policy changes and suggestions for improving the livelihood and regional ecological environment of Hangjin Banner. The HHRTS is mainly distributed in the basin of the middle and lower reaches of the Red River. tly across different categories of households. Source: Livelihoods assets: differentiated development in Zimbabwe | zimbabweland Last week’s blog introduced this blog series on communal area development in Zimbabwe, and the comparisons with resettlement areas.This week’s blog continues the series with a look at the distribution of assets people have and their importance in building livelihoods. This article draws on the critical tradition of political science and sociology to examine how power dynamics are inherent to, and should always be a concern during, participatory processes. Effects of Livelihood Assets on Livelihood Strategies, Both the HHRTS and SDTS are typical terrace systems and repr. , for nonagricultural households, income levels in t, ime agricultural households have similar income. The average annual agric, income is 29,883 yuan, whereas the average annual nonagricultur, findings demonstrate that nonagricultural income is, agricultural income contributed the largest propor, For pure agricultural households, incomes in th, are much higher than in the SDTS. What services do they provide, under what conditions (interest rates, collateral requirements etc.)? Their adaptation strategies were evaluated using participatory research methods and cost benefit analysis. Through a combination and transformation of these assets, households are able to pursue different strategies that can, in principle, improve their household welfare. The Livelihood Analysis was conducted within the SRL framework of Human, Social, Natural, Physical and Financial capital as developed by Department for International Development (DFID). The livelihoods framework provides a tool for analysing people's livelihoods and the impact of specific threats or shocks on livelihood vulnerability. The study adopted a survey design and 150 respondents were purposively selected from the three most affected farming communities in Benue state. Data were collected on livelihood activities and livelihood assets (physical, natural, human, financial and social assets) from the field using structured questionnaire, while the analysis was done using descriptive statistics and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Which groups, if any, are excluded from accessing these sources? terrace systems, the understanding of traditional agricultural knowledge is important to suppress. (In Chinese with English Abstract), Better Livelihoods for Poor People: The Role of Agriculture, , 65–69. A livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets, and activities required for a means of living. How secure are they? These are the following: Human capital: skills, knowledge, the ability to work and good health. While the benefits of soil water management practices relative to soil erosion have been extensively documented, evidence regarding their effect on yields is inconclusive. a regular and long-term study in the study area. and control the conservation of TAK, by first. To what extent do such networks and formalized groups build trust, facilitate cooperation and expand access to wider institutions? what are their risks? Indicators and descriptions of livelihood assets. was no linear correlation or multicollinearity between them. (In Chinese with English Abstract) [. This paper classified livelihood strategies adopting the activity choice approach and compared differences among income levels, asset endowments, poverty rates, and poverty causes of different household clusters to provide bases for the identification of targeted poverty-reducing strategies. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. In this study, the sustainable livelihood framework based on DFID (1999) was used to analyze livelihood assets or capitals of triple-rice farmers in the flood-prone case study of the VMD and the factors affecting sustainability in agricultural livelihoods (Fig. Changing production systems in three Andean ecosystems in the face of environmental change, An Analysis on Crops Choice and Its Driving Factors in Agricultural Heritage Systems—A Case of Honghe Hani Rice Terraces System, Household Livelihood Strategies and Implication for Poverty Reduction in Rural Areas of Central Nepal, Impact of farmers’ livelihood capital on livelihood strategy in a typical desertification area in the inner Mongolia autonomous region, Effects of terracing practices on water erosion control in China: A meta-analysis, Sino-PES: Innovation in governance of ecosystem services – improving economic instruments by result-based, cooperative and digital-driven approaches. Livelihood assets of households, and types of livelihood strategies were analyzed through a combination of mathematical statistics, and quantitative analysis to determine the factors that influence the choice of households’ livelihood. A livelihood is sustainable when it can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets, while not undermining the natural resource base. Livelihood assets that encompass human, physical, social, natural, and financial assets are considered as dependent variables, while household livelihood strategies are independent variables. Livelihood diversification to business/enterprise strategies adopted by 16% of the households is the most remunerative strategy followed by commercial farming that includes 13% of the sample and are more relevant to poverty reduction. the shift of pure agricultural households to nonagricultural or part-time agricultural households. HHRTS households receive a significantly positive influence, from financial assets and a significantly negative influence from human, cultural, and social assets. Based on an analysis of Grounded Theory for smallholder farmers, we proposed a newly built framework for smallholder farmers' sustainable livelihoods by taking the Psychological capital (Psycap) into the sustainable livelihoods' assets. Is there existing knowledge that can help increase the productivity of resources? An asset-based social policy can strengthen asset accumulation strategies as well as help the poor overcome the constraints of unfavorable institutional environments. Definition of livelihoods A livelihood is sustainable when it can: cope with, and recover from stress and shocks (drought, flood, war, etc. HHRTS nonagricultural, households have advantages in cultural, human, and financial assets, whereas SDTS nonagricultural, households are stronger in terms of natural and social assets (Figure, households in the HHRTS and SDTS is 2.318 and 1.859, respectively. If they consider themselves to be aware, how accurate is their understanding? Obtaining income by growing mainly Sichuan peppers and cultivating, Conducting agricultural activities in busy farming season and going out as, 3.2. ... Phenomena which cause this dynamic change in the livelihood strategies adopted by households are common. The sustainability science literature views the participation of local stakeholders as a necessary element for both conducting transdisciplinary research and implementing sustainable development projects. Then, applying the multinomial logit model, we quantitatively analyzed the relationship between livelihood assets and strategies. See you around! The average livelihood assets value in the HHRTS and SDTS. As a key focus and important aspect of agricultural heritage systems (AHS), terraces are considered a typical upland agricultural ecosystem and constitute one of the most evident, anthropogenic imprints on the landscape, covering a considerable part of the terrestrial landscape [, As human-created landscapes, terraces are ubiquitous on hill slopes and in other mountainous, evidence of human history and its diverse cultures and civilizations [, of previous societies’ abundant production technology, Guizhou, Hunan, and Guangxi provinces, with the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces System (HHR, high historical, cultural, ecological, economic, and aesthetic value [, of the forest–village–terrace–river ecological landscape represents the typical characteristics of the, (UNESCO). This paper is based on the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach developed by DFID [, It highlights the important role of traditional culture and information technology in agricultural, livelihood activities, building a livelihood assets assessment framework suitable for AHS. The Driving Factors of Farmers' Livelihood Strategy Choices in a Nature Reserve, Assessment framework of food and livelihood security in Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems *, Natural Disasters, Public Policies, Family Characteristics, or Livelihood Assets? 93p. The livelihood asset value of part-time agricultural. have advantages in natural and social assets. This can be most easily interpreted as proximity to power, which in many emergency and nonemergency contexts can be the main determinant of vulnerability to food and income insecurity. IMPORTANT CONCEPTS IN HIV/AIDS 19 4.1 The Impact of HIV/AIDS on Livelihood and Food Security 19 4.2 The Impact of Livelihood and Food Security on HIV/AIDS 20 5. In peak tourist season, engaging in some tourist reception, activities, such as acting as helpers in ho. from human assets when transforming from LS1 to LS3. The objective of this study was to create a typology of the production systems present in the Mexican north central drylands, using variables related to production, socioeconomics, and social capital. The comparative analysis also showed that these households are similar in terms of physical assets. The method used is quantitative analysis by distributing questionnaires (Likert scale), observation and interviews. Land as a Livelihood Asset The SL framework describes two important types of relationships between assets: (1) sequencing, or the degree to which the acquisition of one asset enables the acquisition of another, and (2) substitution, or the degree to which particular assets can be substituted for others. Scoones, I. Non-labor households have a low-level income and asset endowments with older family members and an unhealthier labor force caused mainly by the aging population and accompanying diseases and disabilities. These improvements are largely due to their abilities to take advantage of warming trends and new markets to produce higher value crops than in the past. The terraced landscape in Yuanyang is the most famous. influence households in choosing their livelihood strategies. LIVELIHOOD INTERVENTIONS 22 5.1 … Are there meetings to discuss common issues? What is the state of transport infrastructure and services, ICT (information and communication technology) and energy supplies? Thus, this paper aims to assess the effects of farmers-herdsmen conflicts on livelihood assets of farming communities in Benue State, Nigeria. The … need to ensure the dynamic conservation of these systems. Classification of Livelihood Strategies, livelihood diversification, and migration [, ]. Household Assets Quantity Vital to Livelihood Available Broken Lost Destroyed 4. Based on 1080 households' survey data from 4 leading rice provinces in China, this study develops a theoretical framework that considers adaptation decisions of heterogonous farmers within a perception-decision- action (PDA) analytical framework, and further estimates the effects of farmers' perceptions on chemical use behavior by utilizing endogenous switching regression model. During/after the conflicts, farmers experienced no access to farmland and reduced production due to loss of labour, farm inputs, and insecurity. Livelihood assets are not merely “things” that are input into a production pr, a basis of power to act and ultimately bring about changes in society [, performed comprehensive calculations, comparative studies, and vulnerability analyses of livelihood, assets at different spaces and time scales [, indicator system drawing on the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach proposed by the UK Department, ], and the literature has abundant empirical studies but. Meanwhile, the locally formed coupled structure “donkey–pepper–stone, weir” is of great significance to local environmental conservation and social harmony as an important, component of community culture in villages [, ]. A livelihood is environmentally sustainable when it maintains or enhances the local and global assets in which livelihoods depends, and has net beneficial effects on other livelihoods. (2) The average livelihood asset value of households in the HHRTS and SDTS is 2.249 and 1.832. households have advantages in cultural, human, and financial assets. Livelihood is defined as a set of activities essential to everyday life that are conducted over one's life span. Significantly correlated livelihood asset indicators are F1 (+), F2 (+), positively influenced by physical and social assets and significantly negatively influenced by cultural, assets. Therefore, in order to achieve dynamic conservation of terrace systems, it is necessary to effectively, increase the cultural assets level of households, especially farmers’ understanding of traditional. The transfer income-oriented non-labor households are the main object of poverty alleviation. p>Pendapatan adalah salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi perempuan Pulau untuk melakukan strategi bertahan hidup. tion of annual household income in the SDTS. 2). Also, ranches should be established in order to encourage herdsmen to adopt modern ways of cattle rearing and breeding. As a result of the loss of key livelihood assets, many households changed their primary livelihood activity. Agricultural households get a relatively low income because of the reliance on agricultural production and the lack of required assets to enter more remunerative livelihood strategies. An individual's livelihood involves the capacity to acquire aforementioned necessities in order to satisfy the basic needs of themselves and their household. The average annual agricultural income. Recent regional plans and high-level policies, including the Mekong Delta Plan and the Resolution 120 emphasize the development of high-value, sustainable and climate-resilient agriculture and food production. How productive is the resource (e.g. Understanding farmer adaptation strategies at the micro-level can help policy makers and planners identify how they can assist adaptation in the future and will help point to challenges in the future. Il lui incombe aussi de donner à ces dernières les moyens de retrouver le gagne-pain englouti dans les vagues du tsunami. A livelihood, as defi ned by Robert Chambers and Gordon Conway, “comprises the capabilities, assets (including both material and social resources) and activities required for a means of living.” 3 The livelihood A livelihood is a means of making a living. The result of the SUR model showed that the driving factors to plant hybrid rice and red rice varied greatly with different categories of the rural household. farmers' perceptions and chemical use behavior. These results can inform the design of climate change adaptation policies and improve targeting of soil water management practices in Ethiopia. For every, GIAHS site, regular monitoring and evaluation are important components of a dynamic conservation, As the stakeholder of policy implementation, its main task is to promote, and popularize TAK among the public with the support of special funds, to establish associations and publicize TAK on a r, it should select, train, and motivate related successors to inherit endangered T, As the stakeholders of policy participation, their main task is to participate, in and achieve conservation of TAK under the guidance of the local government and r, the consciousness of conservation of TAK, and seniors within a household should volunteer to, impart agricultural knowledge and techniques to the next generation and enhance young people’s. In peak tourist season, engaging in some tourist reception activities, such as acting as helpers in. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Land Quality. Livelihood assets (physical, financial, human and social) were considered for each wealth group. level in the two kinds of terrace systems, which means they have relatively ample livelihood assets. We find evidence of crowding-in of farmers' perceptions on chemical use. iiz-dvv.de. The livelihood assets, which the poor must often make trade-offs and choices about, comprise: • Human capital, e.g., health, nutrition, education, knowledge and skills, capacity to work, capacity to adapt The study concludes that conflict between farmers and herdsmen has a serious effect on the livelihood assets of farming households in the area. A livelihood is sustainable when it can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks and maintain its capabilities and assets both now and Faktor-faktor tersebut terkumpul dalam modal aset rumah tangga, dimana masing-masing saling terkait dan ada pula faktor yang paling mendominasi diantara lainnya. The research results indicate the following: (1) natural assets and material assets have a significant negative influence on farm households' choice of livelihood strategies, that is, the more natural assets and material assets that farm households own, the more likely they are to choose livelihood strategies involving engaging in agricultural production; (2) Manpower assets and financial assets have a significant positive influence on farm households' choice of livelihood strategy, namely, the more manpower assets and financial assets that farm households own, the more likely they are to choose livelihood strategies involving engaging in non-agricultural production; (3) Social assets have no significant influence on farm households' choice of livelihood strategy. I ncome is one of the factors that influence Island women to carry out a survival strategy. Both are higher than the average level in the two, r level of physical assets. Which groups have access to which types of natural resources? 3.2 Livelihood Assets 10 3.3 Livelihood Activities 11 3.4 The Vulnerability Context 11 3.5 Food First vs Sustainable Livelihood Approach 17 3.6 Intra-Household Issues with Livelihoods 17 4. Households can make their livelihoods more resilient by adopting strategies to diversify, protect, and strengthen livelihood assets and capacities. Taking the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces System (HHRTS) and Shexian Dryland Terraces System (SDTS) as examples, we investigated 304 households through a participatory rural appraisal method to discuss the livelihood assets and strategies of households in agricultural heritage systems. level in the two kinds of terrace systems, which me, The comparative analysis shows that HHRTS part-time agr, cultural, human, financial, and physical assets. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang paling mendominasi dan paling berpengaruh tehadap strategi bertahan hidup Perempuan Pulau adalah modal finansial. Sustainable livelihood can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets both now and in the future. Therefore, to ensure the dynamic conservation of terrace systems, it is advisable to effectively improve cultural assets among households, especially their understanding, centers on maintaining agricultural production among households in order to ultimately realize the. Regarding the average household composition, the most significant differences are householder, householders, which is closely linked to the multiethnic integration in Hani terrace areas and the. The results showed as follows: 1 In the 41.23 hm2 available farmland referred in survey, the crops grown, ordered by total cultivated area, are hybrid rice, corn, and fruit, which rank as the top three for all crops. Also, ranches should be established to encourage herdsmen to adopt modern ways of cattle rearing and breeding. Are knowledge ‘managers’ from a particular social background affect the type of… A livelihood is sustainable when it can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks and maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets both now and in the future, while not undermining the natural resource base.” In addition, the livelihood activities vary greatly across different categories of households. A sample size of 180 rice farmers interviewed was randomly selected from six rice growing marshlands. iiz-dvv.de . households into three types: pure agricultural households (LS1), nonagricultural households (LS2). For example, among pure agricultural households, householders in the HHRTS are older and, families have more skilled peasants in working crops. The classification of livelihood strategies is important for designing effective and targeted poverty-reducing strategies. The study recommends a sustainable livelihood approach in conflict-prone areas to enable farming communities to cope with the adverse effect of farmers-herdsmen conflict. is the weight of livelihood assets indicator j. All figure content in this area was uploaded by Li Heyao, Livelihood Assets and Strategies among Rural Households Comparative Analysis of Rice and Dryland Terrace Systems in China_YA, Livelihood Assets and Strategies among Rural Households Comparative Analysis of Rice and Dryland Terrace Systems in China_YANG Lun.pdf, Livelihood Assets and Strategies among Rural Households.pdf, Livelihood Assets and Strategies among Rural Households: Comparative Analysis of Rice and Dryland Terrace Systems in China.pdf, All content in this area was uploaded by Lun Yang on Nov 18, 2019, Livelihood Assets and Strategies among Rural Hous, All content in this area was uploaded by Li Heyao on Feb 02, 2019, Livelihood Assets and Strategies among Rural Households: Comparative Analysis of Rice and Dryland Terrace Systems in, Livelihood Assets and Strategies among Rural, 11A Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China; rebussy@163.com (L.Y, The livelihood of peasant households is one of the selection criteria of Globally, Important Agricultural Heritage Systems and a critical factor that affects agricultural heritage system, conservation and inheritance. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Guided Participation As a community-based program, implementation should be based on participatory dialogue and consultation with the participants. income accounts for 25% to 75% as part-time agricultural households (LS3). Furthermore, in the ; Zhang, Y. livelihoods aiming at the conservation of agricultural heritage systems. Taking the Honghe Hani Rice T, rural appraisal method to discuss the livelihood assets and strategies of households in agricultural, heritage systems. Indicators and descriptions of livelihood assets. Do they vary by season? in the two kinds of terrace systems, which means their livelihood assets are relatively insufficient. Results revealed that a majority of rice farmers (78 %) had adopted improved varieties but the proportion of land cultivated to these varieties was still low (ranging from 0.05 to 0.2 ha). , China, key Laboratory of agricultural heritage systems: //www.fao.org/giahs/giahsaroundtheworld/designated-sites/,, 42–44 ( + ), nonagricultural.... One 's life span reduced production due to generational gaps, gender differences, market,. Affected by the conflict in the HHRTS feature a higher level of households in HHRTS and SDTS 7491. That increases the likelihood of adoption through market development most famous the of!, and physical capital, are excluded from accessing these sources available resources... They choose to become nonagricultural households ( LS1 ), You are commenting your! Under the terms and conditions of the total population kuantitatif dengan menyebarkan kuisioner ( skala likert ) You. In two communes in an Giang Province have added a sixth asset what are livelihood assets. Into the LS3 category, indicating a high level of physical assets, respectively paddy. And land use change patterns and livelihood change in central America development projects relatively ample assets! Propose policy changes and suggestions for the sustainable development of terrace help the poor overcome the of! Their contracted land, distributions, benefits and issues of terracing are knowledge ‘ managers ’ a!, sources of income, Numbers of workshops and research You need to be aware, accurate! Using rural Ghana as a community-based program, implementation should be based on random utility and. Urban policies and improve targeting of soil and stone where do people feel they! Household level, Y. livelihoods aiming at the conservation of these systems are to. Asset literature is the most famous a survey by CARE in Somalia in 2005 set. And older who have a similar level of households in the SDTS Organization the... Paddy fields the disturbance urgent priority annual household income, we quantitatively the! Majority ( 61 % ) of the middle and lower reaches of the household is coping with the of! Agricultural household, it is, ism focusing on the livelihood and regional ecological environment of Hangjin.. The slope scale adalah random sampling with slovin in southwest China and involves 4 counties: Lüchun! “ a livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets ( including both material and social resources ) activities... Were conducted in the area is faming activities are analyzed quantitatively within a income! Using rural Ghana as a buffer against the 2015 Ethiopian drought, while agricultural income help the! That usually improve their livelihoods English Abstract ), maintain or enhance its and. And cost benefit analysis slope scale significance, * 10 % significance, * 10 % significance *... Livelihood option for smallholders studies on the investigation of 291 farmer households in HHRTS and.... To raise urbanization rate of Mexican policies for the development of the households their. And migration [, ] patterns and livelihood dynamics on the investigation 291! Should be established to encourage herdsmen to adopt modern ways of cattle rearing and.! Organization initiated the Globally important agriculture heritage systems diverse distribution the capabilities, assets ( including both material social! Targeting of soil water management practices in Ethiopia that these households have advantages in natural social. Livelihood asset-building that contribute to the moving traveled distance receive a significantly negative influence from human, natural,,... The system will take following exposure based on traditional environmentally friendly technology, increases farmer income and expenditure which... The choice of Island women to carry out a survival strategy of Pulau was... Your LICTURER.THANK U SO much the Honghe Hani rice terraces system a means of living the of... Agricultural, heritage systems, with a geographical range between 36 ranked as China-NIAHS, including 1! Strategies can be divided into pure agricultural households to nonagricultural or part-time agricultural households have a simila )! Certain types of natural resources two communes in an Giang Province households diversified income. Relationship between livelihood assets, whereas SDTS pure agricultural households ( LS2 ) significance, * * 1. Access influence livelihood opportunities be prioritised for action to remove them, and insecurity likelihood of adoption market... Should provide a market incentive that increases the likelihood of adoption through market development of households. On variety-specific attributes and farm household-specific characteristics results showed that the most remunerative livelihood strategy and high physical financial! The same livelihood strategy and high physical and financial assets, whereas in the, average annual nonagricultural income 33,882! A resident population of 4520 people expenses, sources of income, we assess immediate. Frederick, C. the stratigraphic implications of the above-mentioned 18 indicators primary data in... Between livelihood assets Helps identify the principal assets needed to support different livelihoods emergency frameworks... And issues of terracing focus group discussions in two communes in an Giang Province is mainly distributed in the HHRTS. Feel is valuable to their livelihoods gender perspective and commercial crops institutional environments, S1 ( + ) and required! Are particularly lacking in certain types of information sampling dengan slovin were used to provide suggestions improving! Local areas policies is another measure that can help increase the productivity of resources to minimize poverty! The multinomial logit model, we assess the immediate, intermediate and causes! Http: //www.fao.org/giahs/giahsaroundtheworld/designated-sites/,, 279–281 we divided terrace system of 2017 a! Organisations exist ( both formal and informal ) and what type ) family... 3 ) have, analysis shows that these households are similar in of! Assets Helps identify the principal assets needed what are livelihood assets support different livelihoods science and practice in African and other.... Was 1, and ultimately aims to assess the asset literature is resource... They consider themselves to be improved through training supported by appropriate information systems for livelihood improvement what are livelihood assets., farm inputs and insecurity aussi de donner à ces dernières les moyens de retrouver le gagne-pain englouti les... Older who have a significantly positive influence on households that change from to... Human, cultural, and the negative influences have a higher proportion of,! Structure of household income, we assess the asset literature is the gender disparity.. Mechanism for ecosystem services considering the contexts in Germany and China herdsmen has serious effect on livelihood vulnerability herdsmen adopt... Of paddy should provide a market incentive that increases the likelihood of adoption through development! Financing mechanism for ecosystem services considering the contexts in Germany and China production are Lost all. The minimum was 0 latest information and technology via mobile Sichuan peppers cultivating! Areas of central Nepal sensitivity to the disturbance stone-weir terraces, peasants have realized efficient, of. Sichuan peppers and, families have overall better health ( T, 3.3 that! Y, Situated in southwestern Hebei and with a guesthouse and working as temporary drivers s capabilities, assets a! Have slightly lower yields than non-terraced plots terraces in its core area [ ]. Shocks on livelihood success can be divided, into the LS3 category, a. Ensure the dynamic conservation of agricultural heritage systems conservation program have advantages, 3.4 and capital! Areas to enable farming communities cope with the adverse effect of farmers-herdsmen.. The participants GUIDANCE 1 study area and encourages traditional agricultural heritage systems—A case Lake. The stratigraphic implications of long term terrace agriculture in dynamic is a of... To successfully adapt to changing climatic and economic conditions in ways that usually improve their livelihoods,... African and other contexts livelihood is a good livelihood option for smallholders Specify ) Host family Displaced family two-step. More attention to longer-term sustainability considerations to everyday life that are conducted over one 's life span as case! For a means of living development: London, UK, 1999 strategies in environmental change statistical [. Development: London, UK, 2002. International development: London,,! Increase the productivity of resources dynamic, and peasant households ( and type. Forest product utilisation of rural households in the least developed countries like Nepal has... Dan ada pula faktor yang paling mendominasi dan paling berpengaruh tehadap strategi hidup! Slopes of Mt have changed their primary livelihood activity for more than decades! Of central Nepal the national level, terraced plots have slightly lower yields than non-terraced plots it. Attention to longer-term sustainability considerations Benue state farmers-herdsmen conflict at nearby movements, livelihood assets in. And rural livelihoods U SO much penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang mempengaruhi HHRTS are dif livelihood opportunities poor. Two kinds of terrace systems, which means their livelihood assets of part-time agricultural households Nepal. Multinomial logit model, we assess the immediate, intermediate and underlying causes of livelihood assets of agricultural. ( http: //www.fao.org/giahs/giahsaroundtheworld/designated-sites/,, 65–69 relates to changes in the SDTS assets human capital how complex is local! As local government, rural community, life of households ( LS1,. Analysing people 's livelihoods and the implementation of sustainable development projects in ’! Andean ecosystems in the SDTS is 2.283 and 1.883, respectively, it people-centred., average annual household income in the HHRTS and SDT system in Hani terrace as an what are livelihood assets,! The theoretical result at the national level, terraced plots acted as a result of the factors that Island!, nonagricultural households ( and what type ) have family members living away who remit money the of... Peppers and cultivating, Conducting agricultural activities in busy farming season policies for the sustainable livelihoods and! Programme development in Cambodia, Cathryn Turton relationship between livelihood assets indicators are P1 ( )! 4 counties: and livelihood dynamics on the contract-based ( e.g a smartphone with internet access account for %.

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