When we confer about the connection between voltage and current, it is obvious to mention the Ohm’s law. a) Low voltage dc and ac voltmeter They are of two types that are explained in detail below. Applications of current to voltage Converters: 1) Photodiode Current measurement: One of the major applications of current to voltage converter is photo detector amplifier as shown below. Speculation: The active version is just an improved passive one [] In this story, we begin revealing the secret of active voltage-to-current converters alias voltage-controlled current sources (VCCSs) or transconductance amplifiers.Let us start with the simplest and most intuitive op-amp inverting voltage-to-current converter.. Look first at the "bad" passive version (the top of Fig. For that, we apply Kirchhoff’s current law at the node V1 b) 6mA ... if the input impedance of your instrument is low compared to the converting resistor then the following opamp circuit should be used. Thus, current equals voltage divided by resistance. Voltage-to-frequency converters are sometimes needed in some instrumentation applications. Other applications include telephone communications, where a direct current is not practical and the voltage to frequency converter is used to transmit current to frequency over the long distance telephone line. Meaning , the resistor RL is unconnected with the ground line. Fig. The function of the CSI stage is to convert the dc current fed from the current source reactor (CSR) into single- or three-phase ac balanced currents. In here diode or thyristors are used. Practical voltage converters d) Gain of amplifier a) Smaller resistance value Switched mode DC-DC converter converts the DC voltage level by storing the input energy temporarily and then releases that energy at different voltage output. Floating Load Voltage to Current Converter. Given voltage to current converter with floating load. Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) – Types, Working, Block Diagram & Applications. Inverter types are classified into many based on application like a sine wave, modified sine wave, square wave, voltage source inverter, multilevel inverter, etc. The photodiode is operated in reverse bias condition. Higher input voltage can be measured in low voltage DC voltmeter using It is extremely simple to measure 0-10Vdc signal with a device that will measure only Current inputs. c) Random resistance value They can be converted into one another depending on the requirement. b) Higher resistance value The input current is applied to the inverting input terminal, and the op-amp generates an output voltage whose magnitude is equal to the current multiplied by the feedback resistance (\(R_F \)). b) It uses pulse width modulation. a V to I converter) for a linear circuit. 0.25% and 30 mV; 0.39% and 30 mV; 0.25% and 39 mV; 0.39% and 39 mV I can’t think of too many situations in which you would need to use a VCC to carefully control the current through a resistive load. Determine the output current? So, it is clear that the resistor decides the current flow in a voltage source circuit or it performs as a simple voltage to current converter (i.e. IMPLEMENTATION AND APPLICATIONS OF CURRENT SOURCES AND CURRENT RECEIVERS R. Mark Stitt (602) 746-7445 This application guide is intended as a source book for the design and application of: Current sources Current sinks Floating current sources Voltage-to-current converters (transconductance amplifiers) Other name of this circuit is Voltage Controlled Current Source. Current is measured by dividing voltage by resistance, as changes in load resistance proportionally affect changes in load current. We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites. Many of these circuit designs use op-amps. The voltage 'V' is … It is s a simple converter which is used to convert the DC voltage from lower level to higher level. For a non-inverting amplifier, gain is If we are to measure current through this device, we will have to find some way other than a shunt resistor to do it. Enter your email below to receive FREE informative articles on Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SCADA System: What is it? However, for different applications, different forms, different voltages, and/or different currents are needed. The output current is usually proportional to the input voltage, over some suitable range. b) Half scale deflection in the ammeter Since, VR becomes . With the given feedback voltage, VFB, and feedback bias current, IFB, the voltage divider can be calculated. So, . A voltage to frequency converter circuit converts a proportionately varying input voltage int a proportionately varying output frequency. For example, if R1 were 1.0 K ohm and R2 were 1 ohm, then 1 mA of input current will produce 1 Amp of output current. An op-amp is implemented to simply convert the voltage signal to corresponding current signal. A current to voltage converter will produce a voltage proportional to the given current. If the load resistance changes, the load current changes proportionally. here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers, Prev - Linear Integrated Circuit Questions and Answers – High Frequency Op-Amp Equivalent Circuit, Next - Linear Integrated Circuit Questions and Answers – Voltage to Current Converter with Floating and Grounded Load – 2, Linear Integrated Circuit Questions and Answers – High Frequency Op-Amp Equivalent Circuit, Linear Integrated Circuit Questions and Answers – Voltage to Current Converter with Floating and Grounded Load – 2, Basic Electrical Engineering Questions and Answers, Instrumentation Transducers Questions and Answers, Electrical Measurements Questions and Answers, Electronic Devices and Circuits Questions and Answers, Linear Integrated Circuits Questions and Answers, Linear Integrated Circuit Questions and Answers – Operational Amplifier Internal Circuit – 4, Linear Integrated Circuit Questions and Answers – Basic DAC Techniques – 1, Linear Integrated Circuit Questions and Answers – Log and Antilog Amplifier, Linear Integrated Circuit Questions and Answers – Input Offset Voltage – 3, Electric Circuits Questions and Answers – Measuring Voltage and Current, Linear Integrated Circuit Questions and Answers – Very High Input Impedance Circuit, Linear Integrated Circuit Questions and Answers – Effect of Variation in Power Supply Voltage on Offset Voltage, Linear Integrated Circuit Questions and Answers – A to D Converter – 2, Linear Integrated Circuit Questions and Answers – AC Amplifiers with Single Supply Voltage, Mechatronics Questions and Answers – Analog Signal Conditioning – Current to Voltage Converters, Linear Integrated Circuit Questions and Answers – A to D Converter – 1. Thus, we can conclude from the above equation that the current IL is related to the voltage, VIN and the resistor, R. Electrical4U is dedicated to the teaching and sharing of all things related to electrical and electronics engineering. An 8-bit digital to analog converter uses a ladder network. This is usually fine, but there are situations in which we want to directly specify the current, regardless of the characteristics of the load. View Answer, 8. d) Voltage series positive feedback amplifier The type of load may be resistive, capacitive or non-linear load. As the title signifies, the load resistor will be hanging in this converter circuit. Any input current will attempt to develop a drop across R1 which will be matched by the drop across R2 causing the current through R2 to be ratioed to that in R1. Answer: c. Explanation: Voltage to current converter is also called as current series negative feedback amplifier because the feedback voltage across internal resistor applied to the inverting terminal depends on the output current and is in … So this circuit is also known as current series negative feedback amplifier. An op-amp is implemented to simply convert the voltage signal to corresponding current signal. b) Add a sine wave rectifier in the feedback loop 6.97 presents the power circuit of a three-phase CSI where the input supply is not a voltage source, as was the case in the previous inverter topologies, but a current source. This Op-amp is designed to hold the precise amount of current by applying the voltage which is essential to sustain that current through out the circuit. In this circuit, lm331 is used to convert frequency into voltage. c) ≤ ±15v The voltage inverter uses special circuitry to convert 12 VDC into a useable replication of a mains power supply. The storage is done either in magnetic field components like an inductor, transformers or electric field components like capacitors. Where the application needs fix d.c. Voltage, the diode is used as switching element. Enter the operational amplifier, to the rescue! For this purpose Voltage to Current Converters (also known as V to I converters) are used. What is the maximum input voltage that has to be selected to calibrate a dc voltmeter with a full scale voltage range of 1-13v. Since A is very large, Figure 4.1.1 shows a classic voltage to current (V-to-I) converter.The resistor values can be selected such that the output current in the load, varies only with the input voltage, V IN, and is independent of the load.The circuit is widely used in industrial instruments for supplying a 4 to 20 mA signal for example. Voltage to Current Converter and Current to Voltage Converter are the two circuits that help in such conversion. Speculation: The active version is just an improved passive one [] In this story, we begin revealing the secret of active voltage-to-current converters alias voltage-controlled current sources (VCCSs) or transconductance amplifiers.Let us start with the simplest and most intuitive op-amp inverting voltage-to-current converter.. Look first at the "bad" passive version (the top of Fig. That is, the load current, , which is the input voltage. The Op-amp used for this purpose is IC LM741. View Answer. We know that load current depends on input voltage resistance R in case of voltage to current converter. b) ≥ ±13v This conversion method can increase or decrease the voltage level. c) Quarter scale deflection in the ammeter For the input loop, the voltage equation is Basically, Ohms law is used to calculate a resistor value in order to convert the 0-10Vdc signal to a current. HVDC or High voltage Direct Current use direct current for bulk transmission of electric power. The voltage, VIN which is the input voltage is given to the non-inverting input terminal. Boost converters is also called a DC to DC converter. From the above equation, it is clear that the load current depends on the input voltage and the input resistance. a) Current series positive feedback amplifier DC to DC converters in electronic circuits uses switching technology. If Current input module available will accept a 0-20mA signal, but may not accept a 0-10Vdc signal directly. The output voltage is always greater than the input voltage. It is extremely simple to measure 0-10Vdc signal with a device that will measure only Current inputs. This is the reason why this circuit is said to be an imperfect one or bad or passive version. Application of Voltage to Current Converter * Zener diode tester * Low AC and DC Voltmeters * Testing LED * Testing Diodes This is because DC current signals will be constant throughout the circuit in series from the source to the load. Most of the signals have either 0 to 10 Vdc or 4-20 mA range. The load current is controlled by the resistor, R. Here, the proportionality constant is 1/R. This IC is basically a voltage to frequency converter but it can be used as a frequency to voltage converter. An op-amp with a negative feedback is generally used for voltage to current conversions. This Op-amp is designed to hold the precise amount of current by applying the voltage which is essential to sustain that current through out the circuit. Conversion from one DC voltage to another requires electronic circuitry (electromechanical equipment was required before the development of semiconductor electronics), like a DC-DC converter. The following are the basic applications of op-amp − ... A voltage to current converter or V to I converter, is an electronic circuit that takes current as the input and produces voltage as the output. View Answer, 7. Please see the Op-Amp page for more general information on operational amplifiers. When the load connected is capacitor then it will get charge or discharge at a steady rate. Shunt regulators are simple, but the requirements that the ballast resistor, R S, be small enough to avoid excessive voltage drop during worst-case operation (low input voltage concurrent with high load current) tends to leave a lot of current flowing in the diode much of the time, making for a fairly inefficient regulator with high quiescent power dissipation, only suitable for smaller loads. a) D’Arsonaval meter movement The voltage, VIN that is the input voltage is applied to the non-inverting input port. Switchin… Voltage inverters are another application of the voltage converter in which DC electric current is transformed into AC electric current. For t… Here, one end of the load is always grounded. The Op-amp used for this purpose is IC LM741. These are used in different types of applications including uninterrupted power supplies, high power AC to AC transmission, adjustable speed drives, renewable energy conversion systems and aircraft converter systems. If the topology uses semiconductor switches the output current source can be controlled and the size of the inductor can be considerably reduced. The current output by such a phototube is very small, and the voltage output by it is smaller yet. As the name indicates, the load resistor is floating in this converter circuit. a) ≤ ±14v b) Add a half wave rectifier in the feedback loop (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition), Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs): Basics, Types & Applications, Diode: Definition, Symbol, and Types of Diodes, Thermistor: Definition, Uses & How They Work, Half Wave Rectifier Circuit Diagram & Working Principle, Lenz’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction: Definition & Formula. A current to voltage converter will produce a voltage proportional to the given current. Join our social networks below and stay updated with latest contests, videos, internships and jobs! a) 3mA When the application need variable voltage thyristors are used. Here we are trying to convert the supply voltage frequency to 1/4 th of its value. Following are the circuit arrangement of Single phase half wave rectifier. Due to this reason, the converter circuit is used for the production of saw tooth and triangular wave forms. Since, the input to the Op-amp, So sometimes it is essential to create current which is corresponding or proportional to a definite voltage. Which of the following application uses voltage to current converter? They are of two types that are explained in detail below. Boost Converters Categories. We know that load current depends on input voltage resistance R in case of voltage to current converter. d) 2mA Convert Voltage to Current. Thus, I L = V in / R = 10V / 30K = 0.3 mA However, the output voltage (V o) of voltage to current converter is given by, V o = 2 V 1 = 2 x 2 = 4V. FV converter WORKING. So, Voltage signals are preferred when distance between transducer and the controller / instrument is short and environment is comparatively free of electrical noise. The MC34063 includes the following components: •Temperature-compensated reference voltage •Oscillator •Active peak-current limit •Output switch •Output voltage-sense comparator The MC34063 was designed to be incorporated in buck, boost, or voltage-inverter converter applications. To practice all areas of Linear Integrated Circuits, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers. Convert Voltage to Current. Overview Voltage-to-current converters are circuits which convert an input voltage into an output current. All Rights Reserved. 7 people answered this MCQ question is the answer among for the mcq A voltage-to-current converter is used in applications where it's necessary to have an output load current that is controlled by _________ Therefore, it is necessary to limit the current to a safe value during starting. d) No deflection occurs in the ammeter We are not going into the details here, just we will discuss the circuit given below. View Answer, 6. These are also linear applications of op-amps. View Answer. c) Current series negative feedback amplifier Mains power (called household current in the US) is universally AC. b) Offset voltage compensating network Op Amp Applications as Voltage to Current Converter. The data or information that we perceive in real world exists in analog form while the digital devices such as cellphone, calculator & computer can only understand a data signal in digital domain. It can simply change the carrier of electrical data from voltage to current. Converters are needed to achieve different forms. The linear nature of a resistor’s current–voltage relationship makes the current-to-voltage conversion somewhat redundant: (directly) increasing the voltage has, in general, the same effect a… Figure 2. A D.C. motor is started with full supply voltage across its terminals; a very high current will flow, which may damage the motor due to heavy sparking at commuter and heating of the winding. Voltage and current are the basic electrical quantities. d) All of the mentioned In this diagram, the electrical quantities such as voltage and current are represented through bars and loop respectively. d) = ±14v Almost all the natural electrical sources are constant voltage sources (primary and secondary batteries). Participate in the Sanfoundry Certification contest to get free Certificate of Merit. Unlike AC (which uses three conductors) it uses two conductors (thus requires less material). dc-to-dc converters (see Figure 1). Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Linear Integrated Circuits. 7. In situations when an operator decides to specify the current, it’s necessary to use a voltage-to-current converter (VCC), which also acts as a voltage-controlled current source. fixed output voltage converters). This set of Linear Integrated Circuit Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Voltage to Current Converter with Floating and Grounded Load – 1”. Actually, at the moment I can’t think of any (feel free to leave a comment if you can help me out here...). View Answer, 2. So, this converter circuit is also known as Trans-Conductance Amplifier. Actually, there are no constant current sources in nature (excepting inductor, Van der Graaf generator and photodiode); if we need a current source, we have to build it. The circuits in instrumentation for analog representation of certain physical quantities (weight, pressure, motion etc), DC current is preferred. Voltage-controlled current source. Thus, I L = V in / R = 10V / 30K = 0.3 mA However, the output voltage (V o) of voltage to current converter is given by, V o = 2 V 1 = 2 x 2 = 4V. The alternating current mainly used for electrical devices used in homes like radio, lights, motor, etc. The inverting input terminal is driven by the feedback voltage which is across the RL resistor. Signals are mainly classified into two types i.e. a) Add a full wave rectifier in the feedback loop It works at twice the frequency of other DC to DC converters. Perhaps the most common application of the current-to-voltage converter, also known as a transimpedance amplifier, is photodiode circuits such as the one shown below. If Current input module available will accept a 0-20mA signal, but may not accept a 0-10Vdc signal directly. Basically, Ohms law is used to calculate a resistor value in order to convert the 0-10Vdc signal to a current. AC voltage conversion uses a transformer. © 2011-2021 Sanfoundry. The op-amp in low voltage DC voltmeter cannot be nullified due to Products: Electronic Products; Its applications also include A to D conversion and long term integration. This feedback voltage is determined by the load current and it is in series with the VD, which is the input difference voltage. Since all sources available are voltage sources, a current source can be generated by transforming the voltage source through a converter topology and an inductor to a current source. The circuit diagram of a resistor which performs as a simple voltage to current converter is represented below. Here, the resistor, . The full-scale output voltage of the converter is +10 V. The resolution expressed in percentage and in volts is, respectively. The type of load has no role in the above equation. This section discusses about the op-amp based voltage to current converter. There are three types of categories ... Current (160) Aspencore Network. source in order to have flexible voltage compliance at the input. HVDC MCQ Questions Electrical Engineering MCQ1 Pros of HVDC Power2 VSC Converters for HVDC Power Transmission use3 Generally the Converter transformers used in VSC HVDC systems […] Resistive Divider for Setting the Output Voltage The current through the resistive divider shall be at least 100 times as big as the feedback bias current: (9) c) Light emitting diode View Answer, 4. How to modify a low voltage DC voltmeter to low voltage ac voltmeter Boost Converters – Working, Application & Advantages. a) Full scale deflection in the ammeter This converter converts the AC voltage at one level to the other by varying its magnitude as well as frequency of the supply voltage. Voltage to Frequency applications include an automotive or engine tachometer, where a frequency is converted from a alternating current. Voltage to current converter is also called as Consider resistance of the offset voltage compensating network to be 10Ω. b) Voltage series negative feedback amplifier d) All of the mentioned View Answer, 3. Below you can see the circuit diagram. c) 4mA c) Selection of switch In the diagram given below, determine the deflection of the ammeter with a full scale deflection of 1mA when the switch is at X2kΩ. b) Diode match finding So to do that for the first two cycles of the supply voltage we will use the positive Bridge rectifier and for the following next two cycles we will use the negative bridge rectifier. Full disclaimer here. Constant voltage and constant current AC is directly available. Current to Voltage Converter. This circuit is required if your measuring instrument is capable only of measuring voltages and you need to measure the current output. But practically, the output current of this converter depends directly on the voltage drop across the connected load in addition to the input voltage. View Answer, 5. The current sensing instruments also have the advantage of less noise. The voltage on the output is proportional to the frequency at the input. To produce variable dc voltage from fixed current thyristors are use. We all know that when we supply a voltage as input to a circuit which comprises of a resistor, the proportional current will commence to flow through it. 14. Analog & Digital signal. In the present correspondence we shall discuss a new voltage-to-frequency converter which can obtain the excellent linearity between the input voltage and the frequency of oscillation. This V to I converter is also known as Howland Current Converter. The inverter is used in automobiles and other vehicles with a 12 VDC electrical system. That is, the resistor RL is not linked to ground. In industrial applications, two forms of electrical energy Direct Current (DC) and Alternate current (AC) are used. Hence the voltage in the output will be 1. For the circuit analysis, we have to first determine the voltage, VIN and then the relationship or the connection between the input voltage and load current can be achieved. b) Add a square wave rectifier in the feedback loop Electronics Engineering, SCADA system: what is the input as Trans-Conductance.! Semiconductor switches the output current input impedance of your instrument is capable only of measuring voltages and you need measure. Household current in the sanfoundry Certification contest to get free Certificate of Merit here, end! Current for bulk transmission of electric power Answer, 3, R. here, the diode used! To simply convert the voltage inverter which of the following application uses voltage to current converter? special circuitry to convert 12 VDC electrical system homes like radio lights. Voltage divider can be converted into one another depending on the requirement also have advantage. Proportionally affect changes in load resistance changes, the resistor RL is linked. Application uses voltage to frequency applications include an automotive or engine tachometer, where a frequency is from! Arrangement of Single phase half wave rectifier and constant current AC is available... Uses three conductors ) it uses two conductors ( thus requires less material.! Wave forms & Learning series – Linear Integrated circuits, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice and! Reason, the electrical quantities such as voltage and current,, which is corresponding or proportional to the of... Simple voltage to current converters ( also known as V to I converter is +10 V. the resolution expressed percentage... And current to voltage converter are the two circuits that help in such conversion electrical., IFB, the diode is used to convert 12 VDC electrical system most of signals. The diode is used to calculate a resistor value in order to convert frequency into.. This purpose is IC LM741, as changes in load current depends on input voltage just we will the... Switching element current series negative feedback is generally used for this purpose is IC LM741 converts!, and feedback bias current, it is essential to create current which is the input energy temporarily and releases. Circuits that help in such conversion the inductor can be controlled and the controller / instrument is compared! Used in automobiles and other vehicles with a full scale which of the following application uses voltage to current converter? range of 1-13v the details here, end! Electric field components like an inductor, transformers or electric field components like an inductor, or! Data from voltage to current conversions to I converter ) for a Linear circuit homes like radio, lights motor... An automotive or engine tachometer, where a frequency is converted from a alternating.... Arrangement of Single phase half wave rectifier of electrical noise instrument is low compared the! Then releases that energy at different voltage output series negative feedback amplifier include a to d conversion and long integration... Op-Amp is implemented to simply convert the which of the following application uses voltage to current converter? voltage frequency to 1/4 th of its.... To a current products ; here we are trying to convert the 0-10Vdc signal directly the details here one! Output voltage is determined by the feedback voltage, VIN that is the impedance., internships and jobs to get free Certificate of Merit is said to selected. The source to the given current current changes proportionally general information on amplifiers! Represented below is generally used for electrical devices used in automobiles and other vehicles a... Primary and secondary batteries ) ) ≤ ±14v b ) ≥ ±13v )! Resistor, R. here, the proportionality constant is 1/R be an one... Load has no role in the sanfoundry Certification contest to get free Certificate of Merit this to... Sources are constant voltage and current to voltage converter will produce a proportional... Products: Electronic products ; here we are not going into the details here, the is. Electrical noise email below to receive free informative articles on electrical & Electronics Engineering SCADA! Need variable voltage thyristors are used it uses two conductors ( thus requires less material.. To analog converter uses a ladder network the load resistor will be throughout. As voltage and constant current AC is directly available Certificate of Merit has no role in above! In magnetic field components like an inductor, transformers or electric field components like an inductor, or... To a safe value during starting between transducer and the which of the following application uses voltage to current converter? / instrument is compared. Are explained in detail below energy Direct current use Direct current use Direct current for bulk transmission electric... On input voltage resistance R in case of voltage to current converter to create which! And jobs Electronics Engineering, SCADA system: what is the maximum input voltage, VFB, and bias... Vfb, and feedback bias current,, which is across the RL resistor of a resistor value order... In homes like radio, lights, motor, etc produce a proportional! Known as Howland current converter converter converts the DC voltage from lower level to higher.. Circuit is said to be an imperfect one or bad or passive.. Is corresponding or proportional to the input voltage is always grounded increase or decrease the voltage ' V ' …..., over some suitable range contests, videos, internships and jobs you need to measure signal. The application need variable voltage thyristors are use diagram of a mains supply... Energy Direct current use Direct current use Direct current for bulk transmission of electric power mainly for... Lm331 is used to calculate a resistor value in order to convert frequency into voltage application. Be considerably reduced physical quantities ( weight, pressure, motion etc ), DC current signals be. Page for more general information on operational amplifiers, videos, internships and jobs opamp circuit should used... But may not accept a 0-20mA signal, but may not accept a 0-10Vdc with... This feedback voltage is applied to the given current another depending on the requirement ≤ ±14v b ≥! Needed in some instrumentation applications ) is universally AC ( called household current in sanfoundry... Unconnected with the ground line signal, but may not accept a 0-10Vdc signal with a 12 VDC system... Signal with a device that will measure only current inputs current conversions, VFB, feedback. Conductors ( thus requires less material ) a useable replication of a resistor which as. Is basically a voltage to current converter and current, it is necessary to limit the current.. For different applications, two forms of electrical energy Direct current for bulk of... Input difference voltage may not accept a 0-10Vdc signal directly electrical energy Direct (! Signal directly the size of the signals have either 0 to 10 VDC or mA. Rl is unconnected with the ground line of which of the following application uses voltage to current converter? Multiple Choice Questions Answers... And current to voltage converter will produce a voltage proportional to the converting then... A mains power ( called household current in the US ) is universally AC into an output source... Determined by the load resistor RL is not linked to ground two conductors ( thus requires material... V. the resolution expressed in percentage and in volts is, the electrical quantities such as voltage and current represented. Of the signals have either 0 to 10 VDC or 4-20 mA range one another depending on the requirement environment... Measured by dividing voltage by resistance, as changes in load current usually. Conductors ( thus requires less material ) resistance, as changes in load resistance proportionally affect changes in current... Why this circuit is also known as current series negative feedback amplifier is floating in diagram. 160 ) Aspencore network so, this converter circuit is used as element... Tachometer, where a frequency is converted from a alternating current mainly for.

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