There are several varieties of winter wheat grown in Ontario, and wheat breeders are interested in learning more about and furthering the crop’s resistance to major diseases by developing new varieties. Higher seeding rates when planting is delayed will also assist with the reduced tillering that may occur before winter. The southern area of this region may use wheat as pasture. Some grow the crop for bedding or feed, but Kennes says the major benefit of incorporating winter wheat into rotation is the benefits to the soil. Wheat fits into the rotation after soybeans in Ontario. However, Ontario research has shown a 1.1 bu/acre/day decrease in yield for each day that planting is delayed beyond the optimum date. Several long-term (14 & 15 years) crop rotations studies (Monmouth and Perry, Illinois and Ridgetown, Ontario) have shown including winter wheat in the rotation with corn and soybeans increases water stable aggregates, which is a very sensitive and good indicator for soil physical health (Figure 1). In a recap of the winter wheat growing season in the province, Grain Farmers of Ontario senior agronomist Marty Vermey wrote that just as pollination was starting in the province, temperatures climbed and the rain stopped. As we saw with the 2019 winter wheat crop, if winter wheat is planted late and if conditions are not fit, there is a greater risk of winter survival issues. There are several reasons for this decline including lack of profitability, logistics, lack of a livestock enterprise, and world supply/demand, among others. Ontario’s five-year planting average is 869,000 acres. Farmers in Ontario were believed to have seeded roughly 700,000 acres of winter wheat in the fall of 2011, down from the usual one million, he said. In the hustle and bustle of fall harvest it can be really easy to push off winter wheat planting until the entire soybean crop is harvested. If time and weather do not permit, winter wheat might not get planted in the fall. "They've decided there isn't enough wheat … Cash crop farmer Dan Caron, who farms at Port Lambton in Lambton County, got in an early crop of winter wheat this year. Sustainability of the family farm small business includes balancing short-term and long-term profitability. 2 this year, with No. Yields are expected to average 63 bushels per acre, unchanged from last year (Blair Smith, State Statistician of USDA's National Agricultural Statistics Service, New York Field Office on 8/17). Also double check that all planting equipment is in good working order well before you get to the field to avoid any further delays. There seems to be a trend to decrease crop diversity instead of increase it, for example, in southeast Nebraska there are far less acres and farms growing oats, winter wheat, alfalfa, and grain sorghum. Wheat improves nitrogen use efficiency of maize and soybean-based cropping systems, Congreves et al. OMAFRA Publications 811: Agronomy Guide. One of the big stories in the Canadian wheat industry this year has been re-emerging demand for Hard Red Winter (HRW) wheat in Ontario. The key learning and outcomes from these collaborations are captured at “Field Crop News”. A diverse crop rotation appears to be the toughest practice to adopt. 2015. Ontario research has also shown that dry granular fertilizers are as effective as liquid 6-24-6 (Table 1 and 2). Planting wheat on Sept 17 vs Sept 30 resulted in a substantial yield increase while also using a lower seeding rate. It is generally not recommended to seed more than 10 days prior to the optimum date for your region. First, it is important to know what the purpose of a PGRs is. The planting date range for that region falls between those two dates. Figure 1. “It went perfectly. Most of the 2019 wheat crop was graded a No. To retain snow during the winter, directly seed winter wheat into standing crop stubble. Ontario’s 2020 winter wheat crop was still a good one, but it could have been better if not for a late turn to hotter, drier weather. Seed-placed starter fertilizer has be shown to increase yields, on average, by 7.5 bushels per acre. “Field Crop News” is an archive of information dedicated to the production of over 8.5 million acres of field crops in Ontario and a forum for which producers, researchers and industry personnel can share information and ideas. Fall weed control enables you to better manage herbicide resistant Canada fleabane and also provides an opportunity to control perennial and winter annual weeds. Dwayne Beck, a professor with South Dakota State University has long talked about rotational intensity and crop diversity. Table 1. The cause of these measurable difference is likely due to the dense fibrous root system of wheat and the nitrogen derived from wheat root deposits. They made sure their winter wheat crop had the best start possible. Communications Bldg.Lincoln, NE 68583-0918. These farm practices are not new, but a better understanding of them is. When it comes to determining your optimum planting date for your region, Ontario’s Optimum Winter Wheat Planting Date map is a great resource. Farmers then have the option to plant spring wheat, a different variety which does not require a period of vernalization. It is generally not recommended to seed more than 10-14 days prior to the optimum date for your region. You can opt-out at any time by clicking the unsubscribe link at the bottom of any email. Several long-term (14 & 15 years) crop rotations studies (Monmouth and Perry, Illinois and Ridgetown, Ontario) have shown including winter wheat in the rotation with corn and soybeans increases water stable aggregates, which is a very sensitive and good indicator for soil physical health (Figure 1). Seeding depth. Spring wheat can be planted as early as you can work the soil. Adding a crop to your current rotation could benefit your integrated pest management plan by helping break disease cycles, control weeds, limit insect and other pest infestations. In the hustle and bustle of fall harvest it can be really easy to push off winter wheat planting until the entire soybean crop is harvested. When planting later the winter wheat plant has less time available to develop roots and tillers. 1 or No. A healthy functioning soil provides numerous local ecosystem benefits including improved water quality, flood and drought mitigation. However, not all producers have the same business model and soil health goals. The crop covers the soil in thefall, winter and early spring, and so reduces soil erosion in therun-off water. The 2018 growing season had its challenges with a cool, wet spring followed by hot, dry weather during the critical grain fill period. Adding winter wheat to a crop rotation can increase crop diversity while improving soil health and addressing other agronomic challenges producers are currently facing. Classification into spring or winter wheat is common and traditionally refers to the season during which the crop is grown. If conditions are dry during planting, adjust the depth to ensure the seed is in moisture. Classification into spring or winter wheat is common and traditionally refers to the season during which the crop is grown. The next four to eight weeks (October to November) allow the plant to vernalize (giving the plant the signal to flower next spring) and acclimate to the cold (harden off for the winter). Depending on the locality this is between September 1 and October 20 in Ontario or about the time of first frost. The crop prevents wind and water erosion, reduces compaction in springtime, diversifies soil nutrients and lowers risk of disease buildup, and the broken-down straw is high in phosphorus. Next, ensure you are using a starter fertilizer. In winter wheat country – from Texas to Nebraska – winter wheat is generally planted the end of September through mid-October. Prepare to plant winter wheat in the fall, approximately 6 to 8 weeks before the soil freezes, as this allows for strong root growth. With a great deal of soybeans being planted later than normal, harvest is pushed back as well this year. This in turn pushes winter wheat planting back. Seeding rates should also be adjusted if seeding is delayed beyond the optimum timing. Yield Response to Starter Fertilizer – Liquid 6-24-6 (OMAFRA Publication 811: Agronomy Guide), Table 2. Figure 2. So what did growers who fared better than others have in common even in a year with variable moisture? Winter Wheat Establishment: It’s All in the Details, on Winter Wheat Establishment: It’s All in the Details, OMAFRA Field Crop Report – September 6, 2018, Strip-Till at Canada’s Outdoor Farm Show 2018, Identifying Phosphorus Use Efficiency Traits in Winter Wheat, True Armyworm and Cereal Leaf Beetle in Cereals, Great Lakes and Maritimes Pest Monitoring Network. The crop technology team with the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA), faculty at the University of Guelph and Ontario field crop producers continually work together to find ways to improve field crop production. Ontario research has shown over and over again that winter wheat is highly responsive to starter fertilizer, phosphorus in particular. So if we want a profitable wheat crop we need to pay attention to the details in the fall and give it the best chance to survive whatever Mother Nature throws it’s way! A Winter Wheat Works Initiative was started in 2016. In winter wheat country – from Texas to Nebraska – winter wheat is generally planted the end of September through mid-October. Looking at some of these challenges, let’s address how farmers could overcome some of these barriers. Farmers in the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones should seed winter wheat in the first two weeks of September. The program encourages and supports farmers in eastern Nebraska to move from a strict corn-soybean rotation to a successful flex or targeted crop rotation where some winter wheat acres are considered each year and strategically placed. There are several varieties of winter wheat grown in Ontario, and wheat breeders are interested in learning more about and furthering the crop’s resistance to major diseases by developing new varieties. Copyright © 2018 Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, All Rights Reserved. You may say to yourself “Yes, we know a good wheat crop starts with planting! A corn-soybean rotation is common in eastern Nebraska. Yield Response to Starter Fertilizer – Dry 7-34-20 (OMAFRA Publication 811: Agronomy Guide). –Excess N at planting thought to decrease winter survival –Strategy to apply N in the spring to avoid over winter … There are many reasons why growers have been planting winter wheat in eastern Nebraska. The recommended seeding rate for winter wheat in Ontario is between 350 and 450 seeds m −2 (OMAFRA 2010) and 450 seeds m −2 in western Canada, a rate which produced around 280 plants m … However, Ontario research has shown a 1.1 bu/acre/day decrease in yield for each day that planting is delayed beyond the optimum date. The time to plant winter wheat varies considerably from place to place. Some parts of this site work best with JavaScript enabled. Adjusting your seeding depths and populations will help compensate for the less than ideal conditions that may occur at planting. 2002). A variety different from "spring wheat,” winter wheat is ideally planted in the last week of September. 4. Seed winter wheat a depth of about 1 inch, any shallower and the crop becomes more vulnerable during the winter months (Figure 2). So, whenever possible try and follow the combine in the field with the drill and get that wheat planted. Several long-term (14 & 15 years) crop rotations studies (Monmouth and Perry, Illinois and Ridgetown, Ontario) have shown including winter wheat in the rotation with corn and soybeans increases water stable aggregates, which is a very sensitive and good indicator for soil physical health (Figure 1). According to Ontario’s Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, producers in Ontario planted most of their intended winter wheat acres in time for good establishment before winter. The following practices can be utilized to improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil: using cover crops, having a diverse crop rotation, integrating livestock, mulching/amendments, utilizing no-till, nutrient management of the soil and ecological pest management approach. In eastern and northern Ontario, for example, snow mould – caused by fungi that attacking snow-covered cereals – can be an issue for winter wheat that developed too much biomass early in the season. Pick fields that can gain more from the crop diversity, such as those plagued with a disease or insects, while improving soil health. There is opportunity for producers in eastern Nebraska to include winter wheat, a cool season crop, in their rotation. winter wheat production was to apply a low rate of, or no N fertilizer at planting, then broadcast the required N as Ammonium Nitrate in early spring (Fowler, 2002). Overcoming some of the economic challenges included increasing awareness of the positive basis/cash price locally and finding opportunities to sell straw. Wheat was unknown in North America before the discovery of the new world. Lastly, be prepared to adjust! We’ve heard this over and over again!” Yet, many are still not giving their winter wheat crop the attention it deserves at planting. But just how late is too late when it comes to planting winter wheat in Ontario? Many other species of plants undergo vernalization, including a variety of fruit tree species and annual and biennial flowering plants. 105 Ag. Starter fertilizer provides nutrients for early growth and promotes root development, ultimately improving winter survival and crop uniformity the following spring. Red winter wheat is typically sown directly into the ground in late September through the middle of October. Nice, dry conditions, the ground worked up nicely,” he said. The southern area of this region may use wheat as pasture. Now is the time for winter wheat producers to consider the risks their crops might face and pick the Production Insurance coverage that meets their … Ideally planting should be early enough to allow the development of three to four leaves before winter. Figure 1: Updated Optimum Planting Date Map for Winter Wheat in Ontario. Researchers also found other benefits including increased total soil nitrogen, higher potentially mineralizable N, higher nitrogen use efficiency, reduce N rates needed in corn for maximum economic return, and higher yields in corn and soybean. Winter Wheat Seeding Rate X Seeding Date Interactions Purpose: Seeding rate recommendations for winter wheat in Ontario have long been standardized across seeding dates, soil types, and varieties. Planting was about two weeks early this year, thanks to an early bean harvest. The fear of learning to grow a new crop was reduced through peer learning, educational programs, a dedicated local website with resources, and working with a trusted adviser or producer who have added winter wheat into their farming practice. If for example you live in the London area, the optimum planting date for your region falls between September 25 th and September 30 th . 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